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Kissing stem-loop
A kissing stem-loop, or kissing interaction, is formed in RNA when two bases between two hairpin loops pair. These intra- and intermolecular kissing interactions are important in forming the tertiary or quaternary structure of many RNAs.〔http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/5/949.full.pdf〕
RNA kissing interactions, also called loop-loop pseudoknots, occur when the unpaired nucleotides in one hairpin loop, base pair with the unpaired nucleotides in another hairpin loop.〔Nowakowski, J. & Tinoco, I., Jr. (1997)Semin. Virology.8,153–165.〕 When the hairpin loops are located on separate RNA molecules, their intermolecular interaction is called a kissing complex. These interactions generally form between stem-loops. However, stable complexes have been observed containing only two intermolecular
Watson–Crick base pairs.〔Kim, C. H. & Tinoco, I., Jr. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 9396 –9401.〕〔Angela A. Andersen and Richard A. Collins. Intramolecular secondary structure rearrangement by the kissing interaction of the Neurospora VS ribozyme†Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8Edited by Marlene Belfort, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY. July 3, 2001. Vol. 98. No. 14. 7735.〕
==Biological significance==
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules perform their function in living cells by adopting specific and highly complex 3-dimensional structures. It is believed that recombination may be intitated by the kissing loops. Recombination is critical to successful evolution, especially in the adaptation and survival of viruses.〔Chen, Yu, and Varani, Gabriele(Jun 2010) RNA Structure. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester.〕
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